🩺 Chronic Kidney Disease Among Top Global Killers — A Silent Epidemic on the Rise
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has quietly become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. According to a Lancet study, cases of kidney disease have doubled since 1990, now affecting nearly 800 million people across the globe.
The study reveals that most patients have early-stage CKD (stage 1–3), with a combined prevalence of 13.9%. In 2023, CKD ranked as the ninth leading cause of death globally, responsible for approximately 1.48 million deaths. Alarmingly, impaired kidney function also contributed to 11.5% of cardiovascular deaths, highlighting its close link with heart disease.
🌍 India Among the Worst-Hit Nations
India is one of the countries most affected by CKD, with an estimated 138 million people living with the condition — second only to China (152 million). Other nations with over 10 million affected adults include the USA, Indonesia, Japan, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, and Pakistan, underscoring the global scale of this health challenge.
⚠️ Major Risk Factors: Sugar, Pressure, and Weight
Researchers identified several leading risk factors for CKD:
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High fasting plasma glucose (diabetes)
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High systolic blood pressure (hypertension)
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High body-mass index (obesity)
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Non-optimal temperature and age
The impact of these risks increases with age — particularly high blood pressure, which surpasses obesity as a key driver of CKD after 70.
🔍 Early Stages Show No Warning Signs
CKD is often called a “silent disease” because symptoms rarely appear in the early stages. As it progresses, signs may include:
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Fatigue and low energy
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Swelling in feet, ankles, or hands (edema)
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Changes in urination frequency or appearance
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Nausea, vomiting, or poor appetite
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Itchy or dry skin
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Muscle cramps, weight loss, or shortness of breath
💧 Early Detection Can Save Lives
Most people are unaware they have CKD until it’s advanced — but simple urine and blood tests can detect early kidney damage. Managing risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity, combined with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and hydration, can significantly slow the disease’s progression and prevent life-threatening complications.
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